impermanent as permanent, miseries as happiness, impure as pure, selfless as selfhood

  1. Ignorance misconceiving impermanent phenomena as permanent
  2. Ignorance which misconceives miseries as happiness
  3. Ignorance which misconceives impure things as pure
  4. Ignorance which misconceives what is selfless nature as selfhood

They get counteracted by the NDC605 4 Seals of Buddhism


Also known as four distorted views / four inversions

Viparyāsa
Skt. विपर्यास
Tib. ཕྱིན་ཅི་ལོག་བཞི།